Komentarz do Królów I 1:6

Had never angered him. He did not anger him.¹¹Throughout his life, Dovid had never gotten angry at Adoniyahu or punished him when he did something bad. Adoniyahu therefore incorrectly assumed that his father would not reprimand him for proclaiming himself king. This [episode] teaches you that he who refrains from rebuking his child causes his death.¹²See Mishlei 13:24.

And his father had not grieved him all his life in saying: "Why hast thou done so?": For this reason, Adonijah thought that David's intention was to make him king after him, since he had never admonished him for any of his actions. And moreover he was very handsome, and on account of his beauty he thought himself fitting to rule.

And he was also very handsome. [He was as handsome] as Avsholom,¹³“He too,” infers that there was another individual who was also very handsome. about whom it is written, “And as Avsholom there was no one as handsome.”¹⁴II Shmuel 14:25. This caused them to be proud.

And he was born after Absalom: It is impossible to explain that we should understand from this the matter of their birth, because Absalom was the son of Maacah (2 Samuel 3:3), while Adonijah was the son of Haggith (2 Samuel 3:4). If this was in regard to the matter of their birth, it would have been fitting for the two of them to be born from one mother, Adonijah after Absalom. Therefore it is to be explained that this is in regard to their upbringing, as was stated: "and the five sons of Michal the daughter of Saul, whom she bore to Adriel [the son of Barzillai] the Meholathite" (2 Samuel 21:8), which is in regard to upbringing as was stated previously (Ralbag on 2 Samuel 21:8). The intended meaning is that his mother raised him in the same manner as Absalom, and he behaved with the same customs and personality. Therefore it said, "and he was also a very goodly man" like Absalom, who was very handsome, as was recalled previously. Thus, just as Absalom thought that he would rule after David because of his great beauty, Adonijah thought likewise.

She gave birth to him. [“She” refers to] his mother.

After Avsholom. I.e., his mother reared him in the same spoiled manner that Avsholom’s mother reared him.¹⁵Rashi does not translate “after Avsholom” because it implies that she bore both Adoniyahu and Avsholom, which is not true, for Avsholom’s mother was Ma’acha, and Adoniyahu’s mother was Chagis.